Modulation of fear extinction by stress, stress hormones and estradiol: a review
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https://osnadocs.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2016020814228
https://osnadocs.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2016020814228
Title: | Modulation of fear extinction by stress, stress hormones and estradiol: a review |
Authors: | Stockhorst, Ursula Antov, Martin |
Abstract: | Fear acquisition and extinction are valid models for the etiology and treatment of anxiety, trauma- and stressor-related disorders. These disorders are assumed to involve aversive learning under acute and/or chronic stress. Importantly, fear conditioning and stress share common neuronal circuits. The stress response involves multiple changes interacting in a time-dependent manner: (a) the fast first-wave stress response [with central actions of noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), plus increased sympathetic tone and peripheral catecholamine release] and (b) the second-wave stress response [with peripheral release of glucocorticoids (GCs) after activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis]. Control of fear during extinction is also sensitive to these stress-response mediators. In the present review, we will thus examine current animal and human data, addressing the role of stress and single stress-response mediators for successful acquisition, consolidation and recall of fear extinction. We report studies using pharmacological manipulations targeting a number of stress-related neurotransmitters and neuromodulators [monoamines, opioids, endocannabinoids (eCBs), neuropeptide Y, oxytocin, GCs] and behavioral stress induction. As anxiety, trauma- and stressor-related disorders are more common in women, recent research focuses on female sex hormones and identifies a potential role for estradiol in fear extinction. We will thus summarize animal and human data on the role of estradiol and explore possible interactions with stress or stress-response mediators in extinction. This also aims at identifying time-windows of enhanced (or reduced) sensitivity for fear extinction, and thus also for successful exposure therapy. |
Citations: | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 2016, 9:359 |
URL: | https://osnadocs.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2016020814228 |
Subject Keywords: | fear extinction; stress; monoamines; glucocorticoids; opioids; endocannabinoids; estradiol; exposure therapy |
Issue Date: | 8-Feb-2016 |
License name: | Namensnennung 4.0 International |
License url: | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
Type of publication: | Einzelbeitrag in einer wissenschaftlichen Zeitschrift [article] |
Appears in Collections: | FB08 - Hochschulschriften Open-Access-Publikationsfonds |
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JournalPaper_Frontiers_in_Behavioral_Neuroscience_Stockhorst_Antov_2016.pdf | 838,88 kB | Adobe PDF | JournalPaper_Frontiers_in_Behavioral_Neuroscience_Stockhorst_Antov_2016.pdf View/Open |
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